Fakun Wen
In today’s busy modern life, irregular eating habits and disrupted routines often lead to neglect of oral hygiene. Many people skip brushing or rinsing after meals, neglecting their dental care. Over time, this neglect can result in symptoms such as bleeding gums and toothaches, signaling the onset of periodontal disease. The symptoms of periodontal disease can manifest in various ways. In the early stages, there are ten common symptoms, including bleeding gums while brushing, pus formation, swollen and discolored gums, bad breath, painful and receding gums, tooth sensitivity, widening gaps between teeth, tooth displacement or elongation, weak chewing sensation, and tooth loss. Periodontal disease is the main cause of tooth loss, and its prevalence increases with age, with older adults being at higher risk. While professional cleaning can effectively treat gingivitis before it progresses to periodontitis, advanced cases require intervention by dental professionals for possible recovery.
Western medicine has developed numerous preventive and treatment methods for periodontal disease. For prevention, various products such as toothpaste, mouthwash, dental floss, and interdental brushes have emerged. As for the treatment of periodontal disease, options include procedures like root planing, flap surgery and bone grafts, periodontal regeneration surgery, and dental implants, among others. However, prolonged use of mouthwash, toothpaste, and similar products may potentially lead to adverse effects on the body due to the chemical ingredients they contain. For example, “Toothpastes have three main components, including (I) detergents, such as sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine, (II) insoluble abrasives for plaque removal, such as silica, aluminum hydroxide, and calcium carbonate, and (III) cariostatic agents, such as fluoride compounds (NaF and sodium monofluorophosphate). Sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine are among the most toxic components in the composition of toothpastes. Other substances added to toothpastes for different functions include desensitizers, anti-plaque agents, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-odor agents, preservatives, artificial colors, and essences; each of these agents can have toxic effects. In addition to toothpastes, zinc lactate, paraben, and sodium benzoate are also added as antimicrobial agents and food preservatives. Some studies have evaluated the carcinogenicity of these materials, especially paraben.” (Tabatabaei et al, 2019)
Nowadays, people are increasingly concerned about their quality of life and health. They are becoming more mindful of the potential side effects of non-natural foods and chemically synthesized medications. Consequently, there is a growing preference for organic, natural foods and medicines. As a result, with the gradual advancement of both Eastern and Western medicine, traditional Chinese herbal medicine is gaining recognition and thriving. The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of traditional Chinese medicine, along with its tendency to have fewer side effects on the human body, have been substantiated and highlighted in numerous modern medical research studies. As a result, Chinese herbal medicine is gradually gaining prominence in natural medicine, with TCM practices receiving increasing emphasis.
Currently, numerous research reports highlight the antibacterial properties and minimal side effects of natural herbs and traditional Chinese herbs on the human body. One study pointed out that Wu Mei (Fructus armeniaca mume) effectively combatted four types of bacteria, including Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Thirteen traditional Chinese medicine herbs exhibited antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis, including Hou Po (Cortex magnoliae officinalis), Huang Bai (Cortex phellodendri), Ding Xiang (Flos caryophylli), Jin Yin Hua (Flos lonicerae japonicae), Wu Mei (Fructus armeniaca mume), Lian Qiao (Fructus forsythiae suspensae), Zi Hua Di Ding (Herba cum radice violae yedoensitis), Bo He (Herba menthae haplocalycis), Shi Liu Pi (Pericarpium granati), Da Huang (Radix et rhizoma rhei), Qin Jiao (Radix gentianae), Gui Zhi (Ramulus cinnamomi cassia), and Sheng Ma (Rhizoma cimicifugae). Many toothpaste products available on the market have already incorporated Chinese herbs such as Jin Yin Hua, Ye Ju Hua, Tian Qi, Liang Mian Zhen, Yunnan Baiyao, among others. (Wong et al, 2010)
In TCM, health is viewed as a harmonious balance of Yin and Yang energies, as well as the smooth flow of Qi throughout the body. This holistic perspective extends to oral health, where the mouth is seen as a reflection of the body’s internal state. According to TCM principles, imbalances in the body’s energy can manifest as oral health issues such as bleeding gums, toothaches, and bad breath. Herbal medicine plays a central role in TCM treatment strategies, offering natural remedies that address underlying imbalances and promote overall health.
There is growing recognition of the effectiveness of herbal toothpaste in promoting oral health, and I am inclined to agree with TCM principles regarding its benefits. The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of Chinese herbs offer a promising alternative to conventional toothpaste, with fewer potential side effects on the body. By addressing the root causes of oral health issues and supporting the body’s natural healing processes, herbal toothpaste aligns with the holistic approach of TCM.
While I acknowledge the potential limitations of herbal toothpaste, such as variations in efficacy and individual responses, I believe that integrating TCM principles into oral hygiene practices can offer valuable benefits for overall well-being. Moreover, the cultural and historical significance of Chinese herbal medicine adds depth and richness to our understanding of oral health care.
Several Chinese herbs commonly used in toothpaste formulations have been shown to have beneficial effects on oral health. For example, Gu Chi Shen Fang is an ancient formula originating from Chen Xiuyuan, a renowned doctor in the Qing Dynasty. According to 72 Kinds of Chen Xiuyuan’s Medical Books, this ancient formula is specifically designed for dental health care. Historically, people would use the powdered form of the formula to maintain oral hygiene and dental health. The ingredients in Gu Chi Shen Fang are ground into a Chinese herbal tooth powder, which is then applied to the teeth and gums for effective oral care.
The ingredients of Gu Chi Shen Fang include:
Qing Yan 15g (can be replaced with table salt)，Sheng Shi Gao 15g，Bu Gu Zhi 12g，Hua Jiao 5g，Bai Zhi 5g，Fang Feng 8g，Bo He Ye 8g，Han Lian Cao 8g，Xi Xin 5g.
To use Gu Chi Shen Fang, a small amount of the powdered formula is poured onto the palm of the hand, using a quantity similar to that of regular toothpaste. The teeth are then brushed with the powder, or the teeth and gums can be rubbed with a finger dipped in the powder, mimicking the action of brushing. It is recommended to refrain from rinsing the mouth immediately after use, allowing the powder to work in the mouth for a period of time before rinsing. The duration of time the powder is left in the mouth may vary depending on the severity of periodontal disease, ranging from 1 to 10 minutes. For individuals with severe periodontal disease, it is advised to apply the powder directly to the affected area with wet hands and massage the gums for approximately 1 minute before rinsing. Alternatively, the formula can be diluted into a mouthwash and gargled more frequently. This is particularly beneficial as periodontal bacteria thrive in anaerobic conditions and may be deterred by a fluid environment. Regular rinsing helps create an environment less conducive to bacterial growth, thus supporting periodontal health.
The incorporation of ancient formulas such as Gu Chi Shen Fang into oral hygiene practices underscores the rich heritage and effectiveness of traditional Chinese herbal medicine in promoting dental health and overall well-being.
In conclusion, the integration of traditional Chinese medicine principles into oral hygiene practices offers a promising approach to promoting oral health and overall well-being. Herbal toothpaste, with its natural ingredients and holistic benefits, represents a valuable alternative to conventional dental care products. While further research is needed to fully understand the efficacy and safety of herbal toothpaste, the growing recognition of Chinese herbal medicine in modern healthcare underscores its potential to complement Western approaches and enrich our understanding of oral healthcare practices.
By embracing the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine and harnessing the therapeutic power of Chinese herbs, we can cultivate a holistic approach to oral health that supports the body’s innate healing abilities and contributes to a healthier, happier life.
Author information:
NianZhu Li (Emily) graduated from Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine with a bachelor degree in 2021. Currently, Emily is pursuing her Master of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine at MCPHS.
Bing Yang, licensed acupuncturist in Massachusetts. She got bachelor and Master degrees of Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine in 1990s and Doctor degree from Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS). Currently she is the associate professor and Director of Chinese Herbal Programs of New England School of Acupuncture, MCPHS. She also maintains a private practice in Boston.
References:
1．Tabatabaei, M. H., Mahounak, F. S., Asgari, N., & Moradi, Z. (2019). Cytotoxicity of the Ingredients of Commonly Used Toothpastes and Mouthwashes on Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Frontiers in dentistry, 16(6), 450–457. https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v16i6.3444
2．Wong, R. W., Hägg, U., Samaranayake, L., Yuen, M. K., Seneviratne, C. J., & Kao, R. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of Chinese medicine herbs against common bacteria in oral biofilm. A pilot study. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 39(6), 599–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2010.02.024
3．Gao, Q., Zhu, M., Wang, J., Wang, S., Zhou, J., & Zhang, J. (2023). Literature review and prospect on oral cognition and disease diagnosis and treatment between Han and Tang dynasties. Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology, 41(5), 604–612. https://doi.org/10.7518/hxkq.2023.2023183
4．賴崇煌（2014）。骨碎補之中藥牙粉治療牙周疾病的臨床療效。﹝碩士論文。中國醫藥大學﹞。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/5997c2
